Dynamic Virtual Power Plant Design for Fast Frequency Reserves: Coordinating Hydro and Wind

To ensure frequency stability in future low-inertia power grids, fast ancillary services such as reserves (FFR) have been proposed. In this work, the coordination of conventional (slow) containment (FCR) with FFR is treated a decentralized model matching problem. The design results dynamic virtual plant (DVPP) whose aggregated output fulfills system operator’s (SO’s) requirements all time scales, while accounting for capacity and bandwidth limitation participating devices. This illustrated 5-machine representation Nordic synchronous grid. grid, issues limitations associated non-minimum phase zeros hydropower well-known By simulating disconnection 1400 MW importing dc link, it shown that proposed DVPP allows coordinating from wind, slow FCR hydro, respecting SO’s are fulfilled realistic scenario without need to install battery storage or waste wind energy by curtailing turbines.